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【著者Authors】 R.H. Belmaker, M.D., 和Galila Agam, Ph.D.[以色列Ben Gurion 大学Beersheba 精神卫生中心] 【来源Source】 新英格兰医学杂志 N Engl J Med 2008;358:55-68. 【介绍】抑郁症是一种综合性错乱与充满变数的过程,没有既定的机制。这篇近日发表的综述对目前理解抑郁症生物学机制的的主要途径做了充分的阐述。在世界范围内受到了极大的关注。 【结论】It would be appealing to attempt to categorize de-pression in terms of monoamine-depletion forms that are perhaps related to genes coding for en-zymes involved in neurotransmission and cortisol-related forms that are characterized by a more long-term course, hippocampal atrophy, and a his-tory of psychosocial stress. However, the clinical data do not fall into such neat categories, since monoamine-based antidepressants are most effec-tive in patients with severe depression when cor-tisol levels remain high after the administration of dexamethasone.Major depressive disorder is likely to have a number of causes. Middle-aged or elderly patients presenting with depression may have a disorder related to cardiovascular disease and originating from endothelial dysfunction.128 Patients in their late teens or early 20s who have severe depression may have important genetic risk factors and a high risk of manic episodes.8 In patients with an anx-ious and depressive personality, depression may be due to genetically determined personality fac-tors11 or adverse childhood experiences.129 Avoidance of premature closure on any one scientific theory of the mechanism of depression will best serve the search for new, more effective treatments. It is likely that the pathogenesis of acute depression is different from that of recurrent or chronic depression, which is characterized by long-term declines in function and cognition. Mood can be elevated (by stimulants,46 by brain stimulation,123 or by ketamine94) or depressed (by monoamine depletion19 in recovered patients) for short periods, but longer-term improvement may require reduction of the abnormal glucocorticoid function induced by stress or increases in brain neurotrophic factors.
*AMPA=α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异唑丙酸,BDNF=脑源性神经营养因子,DHEA=脱氢表雄酮,GABA=γ-氨基丁酸,MRS=磁质共振光谱检查,NMDA=N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸。 |
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